Booker Prize facts and figures

Discover a whole host of facts about the Booker Prize and International Booker Prize

Which author has been nominated more than anyone else? What exactly is the ‘Booker bounce’? Who is the youngest winner and which judge threatened to jump out of a window? Find out here

Published August 1, 2023

The history of the Booker Prize

The award was called the Booker Prize from 1969 to 2001. P.H. Newby was the first winner of the prize in 1969 with Something to Answer For.
From 2002 the prize became The Man Booker Prize when the Man Group plc came on board as sponsor, making Yann Martel the first winner of The Man Booker Prize with Life of Pi. The Man Group ended their sponsorship in 2019.
From 2019, the prize went back to being known as the Booker Prize, with Crankstart becoming the new sponsor.
The Man Booker International Prize, which was established in 2005, became the International Booker Prize at that stage.
The Booker Prize initially awarded £5,000 to its winners. The prize money doubled in 1978 to £10,000, and today the winner receives £50,000. Each of the shortlisted authors receives £2,500 and a specially bound edition of their book.
The ‘Booker Dozen’ was introduced in 2007, limiting the number of books allowed on the longlist to 12 or 13 each year. Previously the numbers were much higher: 19 in 2006; 17 in 2005; 22 in 2004 and 23 in 2003.
Since 1969, 36 men and 18 women have won the Booker Prize.

Yann Martel on winning the Man Booker Prize for Life of Pi, October 2002.
*© Nicolas Asfouri/AFP via Getty Images*

Multiple winners and nominees

Four authors have won the Booker Prize more than once: J.M. Coetzee was the first person to win twice, in 1983 and again in 1999, when he described the Booker as ‘the ultimate prize to win in the English speaking world’. Peter Carey won first in 1988 and then in 2001. Hilary Mantel won in 2009 and 2012 making her the first woman and the first British author to win the prize twice and the first person to win the prize for two novels in a trilogy. Margaret Atwood won first in 2000 and then in 2019.
Salman Rushdie has been nominated for the Booker Prize seven times, more than any other writer. He won the prize in 1981 for Midnight’s Children.
Margaret Atwood, J.M. Coetzee, Iris Murdoch and Ian McEwan have each been nominated for the Booker Prize six times.
10 authors have been nominated for the Booker Prize at least five times, including Sebastian Barry, who appearred on the 2023 longlist.
Beryl Bainbridge is the only author to have been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times without actually winning. In 2011, the year after her death, a special prize, The Best of Beryl, was created in her honour. The winning book was her 1998 novel Master Georgie.

2012 Man Booker winner Hilary Mantel — Man Booker winner Hilary Mantel in 2012 after winning for *Bring up the Bodies*.
*© Janie Airey*

Memorable moments

In 1972, John Berger used his Booker Prize acceptance speech, after winning for his book G., to announce that he was donating half of his £5,000 prize money to the British Black Panthers, in protest against the Booker organisation’s historical roots to slavery.
In 1974, eyebrows were raised when Kingsley Amis’ Ending Up appeared on the shortlist chosen by a judging panel that included his wife, the novelist Elizabeth Jane Howard. In the end, the prize was split between Nadine Gordimer and Stanley Middleton.
In 1975, there was a shortlist of just two books, out of 83 submissions, with Ruth Prawer Jhabvala winning with Heat and Dust. The runner-up was Gossip from the Forest by Thomas Keneally.
In 1977, Chair of judges Philip Larkin threatened to jump out of the window if Paul Scott’s Staying On didn’t win. (Luckily, it did.)
In 1983, the Chair of judges Fay Weldon made a famous speech at the award ceremony in which she delivered a devastating attack on the publishing industry over its treatment of authors.

John Berger delivering his speech as winner of the 1972 Booker Prize — John Berger delivering his speech as winner of the Booker Prize, 1972
*Courtesy of Oxford Brookes Archive*

Facts and figures

Eleanor Catton became the youngest winner in 2013, aged just 28. Previously, Ben Okri held this title, winning in 1991 at the age of 32; Aravind Adiga was 33 when he won in 2008. Salman Rushdie was 34 when he won in 1981. Kiran Desai had been the youngest woman to win the prize in 2006, aged 35. Daisy Johnson, nominated in 2018, is the youngest person ever to make the shortlist, aged 27. The 2022 longlist features the oldest (Alan Garner, 88) and youngest (Leila Mottley, 20) nominated authors.
The prize has been split between joint winners on three occasions. Nadine Gordimer and Stanley Middleton shared the prize in 1974, whilst Michael Ondaatje and Barry Unsworth were joint winners in 1992. As a result, the Booker Prize committee changed the rules so that only one book could win in the future. Nevertheless, Margaret Atwood and Bernardine Evaristo were announced joint winners in 2019.
There are two instances where two members of the same family have been recognised by the prize. Anita Desai has been shortlisted twice since 1980, but has never won. However, her daughter, Kiran, won the acclaimed literary prize in 2006. Martin Amis has been both shortlisted and longlisted, in 1991 and 2003 respectively, whilst his father Kingsley Amis won the Booker in 1986.
Jonathan Cape is the imprint with the highest number of winning titles, with eight winners: The Sense of An Ending by Julian Barnes in 2011, The Gathering by Anne Enright in 2007, Amsterdam by Ian McEwan in 1998, The Famished Road by Ben Okri in 1991, Hotel du Lac by Anita Brookner in 1984, Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie in 1981, Saville by David Storey in 1976 and The Conservationist by Nadine Gordimer in 1974. Faber follows closely with seven winning titles.
The shortest winning novel in the history of the prize was Offshore by Penelope Fitzgerald, at 132 pages, in 1979. Ian McEwan’s shortlisted On Chesil Beach and Julian Barnes’ winning The Sense of an Ending were just slightly longer. In terms of length of eligible books, the rules of the prize simply state that the judges must be of the opinion that a book is a unified and substantial work.
The longest winning novel in the prize’s history was The Luminaries by Eleanor Catton, in 2013, at 832 pages.

Max Porter applauds as Eleanor Catton is announced as winner of the Man Booker Prize 2013 — Max Porter applauds as Eleanor Catton is announced as winner of the Man Booker Prize at the Guildhall, London
*© Anthony Devlin/PA/Alamy*

One of the bestselling Booker winners is Schindler’s Ark by Thomas Keneally, which was adapted into the box office smash Schindler’s List. The film by Steven Spielberg won seven Academy Awards and took $321,306,305 worldwide on original release. A number of other Booker and Man Booker winning novels have been adapted into film. Some of the best-known are Kazuo Ishiguro’s 1989 novel Remains of the Day, Michael Ondaatje’s 1992 novel The English Patient and Yann Martel’s 2002 novel Life of Pi. Other adaptations of winners include: Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, AS Byatt’s Possession, Julian Barnes’ The Sense of an Ending, Peter Carey’s True History Of The Kelly Gang, and most recently Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger.
Six authors have won the prize with their first novels: Keri Hulme, with The Bone People in 1985; Arundhati Roy, with The God of Small Things in 1997; DBC Pierre, with Vernon God Little in 2003, Aravind Adiga, with The White Tiger in 2008; George Saunders, with Lincoln in the Bardo in 2017; and Douglas Stuart for Shuggie Bain in 2020.
Over the years, winners have found different ways of spending their winnings. In 1990, AS Byatt famously announced she would use her money to buy a swimming pool for her house in Provence, whilst Ian McEwan commented in 1998 that he would probably spend the money on ‘something perfectly useless’, rather than fritter it away on things like ‘bus fares and linoleum’. When Howard Jacobson won in 2010, he promised to buy his wife a new handbag. In 2015, Marlon James said: ‘I can go to Gieves & Hawkes, finally get my Ozwald Boateng suit.’ When Anna Burns won in 2018, she said she would ‘clear my debts and live on what’s left.’
Hilary Mantel was also the first Man Booker author to enter the official UK Top 50 at the number one spot, with the paperback edition of Bring Up the Bodies.

Arundhati Roy, winner of the 1997 Booker Prize for The God of Small Things. — Arundhati Roy, winner of the 1997 Booker Prize for *The God of Small Things*.
*Courtesy Oxford Brookes Archive*

2013 was the first time since the longlists were released in 2001 that women outnumbered men on the list.
As of 2018, a new rule was added specifying that any novel written originally in English and published in Ireland by an imprint formally established in Ireland was eligible for the prize, alongside books published in the UK.
2018 also saw the first graphic novel on the longlist, and the first crime novel. Robin Robertson also made the shortlist with the first novel in verse to be nominated for the prize.
Three sequels have won the prize in its history: The Ghost Road by Pat Barker (1995), Bring Up the Bodies by Hilary Mantel (2012) and The Testaments (2019) by Margaret Atwood.
Bernardine Evaristo became the first black woman, and first black British author, to win the prize in 2019.
Including the Booker Prize 2024 longlist, 38 Irish writers have been recognised in the prize’s history, making Ireland the country that has produced the most nominees relative to its population size.

Bernardine Evaristo winner of the Booker Prize 2019, at the Booker Prize 2022 winner ceremony at the Roundhouse — Bernardine Evaristo, winner of the Booker Prize 2019, at the Booker Prize 2022 winner ceremony at the Roundhouse
*© David Parry/Booker Prize Foundation*

'The Booker bounce'

The winner of the Booker Prize can expect international recognition and a dramatic increase in global book sales.
The week following the announcement of the 2018 Man Booker Prize, Anna Burns’ Milkman sales saw a week on week increase of 880% (from 963 to 9,446 copies), then a further 99% (from 9,446 to 18,786 copies) the following week.
For Margaret Atwood and Bernardine Evaristo, in the week after their joint win in 2019, sales of The Testaments rose from 11,955 to 13,400 copies, while Girl, Woman, Other sold 5,980 copies, more than double its lifetime sales up to that point and a 1,340% increase week on week.
In the first full week after the 2020 announcement, winner Shuggie Bain by Douglas Stuart sold more than 25,000 copies in the UK, a 1,900% increase on the week preceding the announcement. Shuggie Bain went to number 1 in the Times and LA Times bestseller lists, number 2 in the Sunday Times bestseller list, and number 3 in the New York Times bestseller list. It was chosen as the ‘Book of the Year’ by the Times and Telegraph and won both ‘Debut of the Year’ and ‘Book of the Year’ at the 2021 British Book Awards. It is now published (or forthcoming) in 40 territories and has already sold over three-quarters of a million copies in its Picador editions. TV and film rights have been sold.
Two weeks after Damon Galgut’s The Promise won the 2021 Booker Prize, Chatto & Windus announced that it had reprinted 153,000 copies, having sold 23,878 copies in hardback, 14,622 of which sold in the two weeks following the news – a 1,925% jump in volume compared with the previous two weeks.
According to the Bookseller, in the 12 weeks after his win Galgut sold more copies of his books that he did in the previous 17 years since first being published in the UK. Rights to The Promise have now been sold in 35 territories and it has been a bestseller in Germany and Greece.
After winning the Booker Prize in 2022, sales of Shehan Karunatilaka’s The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida soared to over 100,000 across all formats. It has now been translated into 19 languages with another 10 in process. The book has massively outsold – by 2,000% – Karunatilaka’s previously acclaimed and prizewinning novel, Chinaman (Jonathan Cape, 2012).

Shehan Karunatilaka winner of the Booker Prize 2022
*© David Parry/Booker Prize Foundation*

Facts about the International Booker Prize

The Man Booker International Prize was established in 2005 and became The International Booker Prize in 2019.
The inaugural Man Booker International Prize was the culmination of many years of discussion about a possible new global prize. It recognised an author’s body of work and was to be awarded every two years. The first winner, Ismail Kadare, was celebrated in Edinburgh in 2005. Kadare was once again nominated for the prize in 2024, when he was longlisted for A Dictator Calls.
Chinua Achebe’s win of the 2007 Man Booker International Prize was celebrated at a range of public and private events in Oxford.
The winner of the 2009 Man Booker International Prize, Alice Munro, was the first to go on to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
The list of finalists for the 2011 Man Booker International Prize was announced at the University of Sydney. John Le Carré asked for his name to be removed from the list. One of the judges, Carmen Callil, resigned from the judging panel when Philip Roth was chosen as winner.
The Jaipur Literature Festival was the setting for the announcement of the 2013 Man Booker International Prize list of finalists, with a party at the City Palace at which guests were welcomed by a parade of elephants.

Ismail Kadare, winner of the inaugural Man Booker International Prize, 2005
*© Reuters/Alamy*

In the original iteration of the International Booker Prize, if the winner wrote in a language other than English, they could decide which of their English translators should be awarded the £15,000 translators prize. In 2015 Laszlo Krasznahorkai chose his two translators, George Szirtes and Ottilie Mulzet, to share it.
In 2016, the Man Booker International Prize evolved into an annual award for a single book, translated into English and published in the UK. Having joined forces with the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, both novels and collections of short stories became eligible. The prize money would from now on be split equally between the winning author and translator. The Guardian called it ‘a new annual super-prize.
The Korean edition of the 2016 winner The Vegetarian sold 20,000 copies in the decade following publication. Two weeks after the English edition won the International Booker Prize, the Korean publisher had received orders for almost half a million copies. The book has now been translated into 40 languages - including Tamil, Nepali, Urdu, Azerbaijani, Macedonian and Slovenian.
Translator Jessica Cohen, who won the Man Booker International Prize in 2017, gave half of her winnings to B’Tselem, a Jerusalem-based organisation which, at the time documented Israeli violations of Palestinian human rights in the West Bank.
The 2018 Man Booker International Prize winner Olga Tokarczuk went on to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, 2018, which was awarded in 2019.
Jokha Alharthi, the first Omani woman to be published in English and the first Arabic writer to win the Man Booker International Prize, received a hero’s welcome on her return to Muscat International Airport in 2019.

Deborah Smith and Han Kang — Translator Deborah Smith and author Han Kang, winners of the International Booker Prize 2016 for *The Vegetarian*
*© Janie Airey/Booker Prize Foundation*

Winner of the 2020 International Booker Prize, Lucas Rijneveld, who combines writing with dairy farming, said they were ‘as proud as a cow with seven udders’ to win the prize.
The winners of the 2021 International Booker Prize, David Diop and Anna Moschkovakis, were announced at a ceremony filmed at Coventry Cathedral, as part of the Coventry UK City of Culture celebrations: appropriate, as Coventry is famed as a city of peace and reconciliation and At Night All Blood is Black recounts the horrors of war.
Tomb of Sand by Geetanjali Shree, translated by Daisy Rockwell, which won the International Booker Prize in 2022, was the first book originally written in Hindi to win the award.
Time Shelter by Georgi Gospodinov, translated by Angela Rodel, winner of the International Booker Prize in 2023, was the first book originally written in Bulgarian to win the award.
Time Shelter sold 1,300 copies in hardback before it was longlisted. In the week following its win, publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson saw a 435% increase in sales compared to the previous week. It has now sold over 92,000 copies of the book across all its editions.
A quarter of books on the 2024 longlist is written by South American authors, with books representing Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Venezuela. Fiammetta Rocco, the Administrator of the prize, observed that list ‘signalled a second “boom” in Latin American fiction’.
Since 2016, books representing 63 languages have been submitted for the prize, ranging from Farsi and Vietnamese to Kikuyu and Welsh. A book translated from Armenian was submitted for the first time in 2024.

Author Georgi Gospodinov with translator Angela Rodel after winning the International Booker Prize 2023
*© David Parry*

The rules

Each year two panels of five judges are chosen for The Booker Prize and The International Booker Prize with the advice of The Booker Prize Foundation Advisory Committee and appointed by The Booker Prize Foundation.
For each prize, the judges read the submissions and are responsible for compiling a longlist of 12 or 13 books, and from this a shortlist of six books from which they then choose a winner.
The Booker Prize is awarded annually to the author of the best (in the opinion of the judges) eligible work of long-form fiction. The work must be published in the UK or Ireland between 1 October of the year prior, and 30 September of the year of that award. Submissions deadlines are staggered between December and April.
The International Booker Prize for fiction translated into English is awarded annually to the author and translator of the best (in the opinion of the judges) eligible novel or collection of short stories. The work must be published in the UK or Ireland between 1 May of the year prior and 30 April of the year of that award. Submissions must be made between July and early October.
Visit our submissions page to read the latest rules for entering both the Booker Prize and International Booker Prize.